Doi Inthanon National Park: A Crown Jewel of Thailand’s North

Nestled in the picturesque highlands of Northern Thailand, Doi Inthanon National Park stands as a testament to nature’s grandeur. As the highest peak in Thailand, Doi Inthanon National Park offers a unique ecosystem and a climate distinct from the surrounding lowlands. This expansive protected area, spanning 482.4 square kilometers, is not merely a mountain but a vital watershed for the Ping River and a sanctuary for incredible biodiversity. For those seeking an escape into cool, pristine mountain air and breathtaking landscapes, Doi Inthanon is an unparalleled destination among Attractions in Chiang Mai.

Geographical Information

Doi Inthanon National Park is situated in the Thanon Thong Chai mountain range, which is part of the Himalayan foothills extending southwards. The general landscape is characterized by high, complex mountains, including Doi Inthanon, Doi Hua Mot Luang, and Doi Hua Mot Noi. The main mountain range runs north-south, with peaks ranging from 800 meters up to 2,565 meters above sea level, leading to a diverse range of forest types and vegetation.

Most of the park is a crucial watershed for the Ping River, a major river in northern Thailand. Many small streams and tributaries flow into the Ping River, such as Huai Mae Pan, Huai Mae Klang, Huai Mae Ya, and Huai Mae Hat, which are the source of several beautiful waterfalls.

Flora

Doi Inthanon National Park boasts extremely high biodiversity in its plant life. Due to its varied topography and climate, many types of forest can be found, from dry evergreen and mixed deciduous forests to montane evergreen and pine forests at higher elevations.

• Montane Evergreen / Cloud Forest: Found at elevations above 1,000 meters. These are highly humid forests, with thick layers of mosses, ferns, and lichens covering the trees. Prominent trees include various species of oak, and notably, the “Rhododendron arboreum ssp. delavayi” (1,000-year rose), which blooms vibrantly from late cool season to early hot season.
• Pine Forest: Found at elevations around 1,500 meters and above, in areas with less fertile soil or rocky terrain. The main trees are two-needle and three-needle pines.
• Endemic and Rare Plants:
  • Mosses and Lichens: Abundant and diverse due to the favorable climate.
  • Wild Orchids: Many species are found, including both terrestrial and epiphytic orchids.
  • Ferns: High diversity.
  • Carnivorous Plants: Such as pitcher plants.

Fauna

The diversity of ecosystems in Doi Inthanon makes it a habitat for a wide array of wildlife, especially birds.

• Birds: Doi Inthanon is recognized as one of Thailand’s best birdwatching sites. Over 380 species of birds reside here, including both resident and rare migratory birds. Examples include the Finfoot, Indian Roller, Yellow-cheeked Tit, Green-tailed Sunbird, Greater Necklaced Laughingthrush, various bulbul species, and many rare migratory birds during the cool season.
• Mammals: Serows, barking deer, wild boars, civets, squirrels, tree shrews, and small rodents.
• Reptiles and Amphibians: Various snake species, lizards, monitor lizards, frogs, toads, and Asian painted frogs.
• Insects: High diversity of butterflies and other insects, especially during the rainy season.

Climate Information

Due to its high elevation, Doi Inthanon enjoys a relatively cool and pleasant climate throughout the year and records Thailand’s lowest temperatures during the cool season.

• Hot Season (March – May): The weather is not as hot as in the lowlands, with average temperatures around 10-25 degrees Celsius. There might be some rain towards the end of the season.
• Rainy Season (June – October): This is a period of heavy rainfall, with cool and humid air. Average temperatures are around 10-20 degrees Celsius. Sometimes, phenomena like sea of mist and continuous drizzles occur.
• Cool Season (November – February): The coldest period. Average temperatures are 5-15 degrees Celsius. In the early mornings at the summit, temperatures can drop below 0 degrees Celsius, leading to the phenomenon of “Mei Khap” or frost.

The average annual rainfall is high, approximately 1,500-2,000 millimeters, and humidity remains high throughout the year, supporting the growth of evergreen and cloud forests at higher altitudes.

Tourism Aspects, Key Attractions, and Activities

Doi Inthanon National Park offers numerous interesting attractions and a variety of activities suitable for all types of tourists.

Key Attractions and Main Tourist Sites:

1. Doi Inthanon Summit: The highest point in Thailand, marked by a sign indicating its elevation of 2,565 meters above sea level. It has a cool climate year-round and houses the chedi (stupa) of King Inthawichayanon, the last ruler of Chiang Mai.

2. Phra Mahathat Naphamethanidon and Phra Mahathat Naphaphon Phumisiri: These two grand stupas were built by the Royal Thai Air Force in honor of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej The Great and Her Majesty Queen Sirikit The Queen Mother, respectively. They are located on a hill not far from the summit of Doi Inthanon, offering beautiful views and temperate flower gardens.

3. Kew Mae Pan Natural Trail: A very popular short trekking route (approximately 3 kilometers) perfect for experiencing montane evergreen forests, cloud forests, and abundant mosses and ferns. It features scenic viewpoints for sunrise and sunset. The trek takes about 2-3 hours and requires a local guide.

4. Ang Ka Luang Natural Trail: A short (approximately 300 meters) boardwalk trail within a dense montane evergreen forest, heavily covered with mosses and ferns. It offers a close-up experience of a damp, ancient forest atmosphere.

5. Mae Klang Waterfall: The first large waterfall visitors encounter when entering the park. It is beautiful and has flat rocks for relaxing and swimming.

6. Vachiratharn Waterfall: A powerful and beautiful large waterfall with constant misty spray, often creating rainbows in certain conditions.

7. Siriphum Waterfall: Two large twin waterfalls cascading down a cliff, tall and picturesque, located near a hill tribe village.

8. Mae Ya Waterfall: One of the most beautiful waterfalls in the park, with multiple tiers and a wide curtain of water.

9. Royal Agricultural Station Inthanon: A research and development center for temperate fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants. Visitors can tour the plantations, purchase agricultural products, and learn about the Royal Project.

10. Hill Tribe Market (Hmong Market): Located along the road leading up to Doi Inthanon, this market is a hub for local souvenirs, indigenous agricultural products, and Hmong handicrafts.

11. Hill Tribe Villages (Karen and Hmong): Some villages are open for tourists to experience their way of life and culture, such as Mae Klang Luang village, which boasts beautiful rice terraces during the rainy season.

12. Royal Agricultural Research Center Chiang Mai: Located nearby the park, another important agritourism destination.

Popular Activities:

1. Watching Sunrise and Sea of Mist: A highly popular activity during the cool season, especially at the Kew Mae Pan viewpoint or near the Doi Inthanon summit.

2. Nature Trekking and Hiking: Kew Mae Pan and Ang Ka Luang are popular trails. Other routes are available but require contacting park officials.

3. Visiting Waterfalls: Explore waterfalls like Vachiratharn, Mae Klang, Siriphum, and Mae Ya.

4. Birdwatching: Doi Inthanon is a paradise for birdwatchers, particularly during the cool season when many migratory birds arrive.

5. Visiting Royal Projects and Agricultural Centers: Learn about sustainable agriculture and purchase local products.

6. Experiencing Hill Tribe Culture: Visit villages and markets.

7. Camping/Overnight Stays: The park offers designated camping areas and park accommodation.

Facilities and Entrance Fees

Doi Inthanon National Park offers quite comprehensive facilities to accommodate tourists:

• Visitor Center: Located at the park headquarters, providing information, maps, nature trail details, and general advice.
• Park Accommodation/Bungalows: Several bungalows are available for rent, particularly near the park headquarters and some nearby spots. Advance booking is highly recommended, especially during peak tourist season.
• Camping Ground: Designated camping areas are available for those who wish to experience nature up close, complete with restrooms and toilets for visitors.
• Restaurants and Welfare Shops: Restaurants serve food and drinks near the park headquarters and some major tourist spots, such as near the Royal Pagodas and Vachiratharn Waterfall. There are also welfare shops selling souvenirs and essential items.
• Restrooms and Toilets: Public restrooms are available at various key tourist locations throughout the park.
• Nature Trails: Clearly marked walking trails with interpretive signs are provided for visitors to learn about nature and the environment.
• Parking Areas: Designated parking spaces are available at major attractions and the park headquarters.
• Park Rangers: Staff are stationed at various points to provide assistance and ensure visitor safety.
• Guide Services (for Kew Mae Pan Trail): Local guide groups are available to lead tours along the Kew Mae Pan Nature Trail, which also supports local community livelihoods.

Entrance Fees

Doi Inthanon National Park charges an entrance fee for individuals and vehicles, which may change based on announcements from the Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation.

• Thai Nationals: Adults:  50 Baht/person, Children (ages 3-14): 30 Baht/person
• Foreign Nationals: Adults: 300 Baht/person, Children: 150 Baht/person
• Vehicle Fees (per vehicle): 4-wheel vehicles: 30Baht/vehicle, Motorcycles: 20 Baht/vehicle

Getting There:

Doi Inthanon National Park can be reached by private car or by using shared taxis/rental cars from Chiang Mai city. Highway 1009 (Chom Thong-Doi Inthanon Road) is the main route through the park.

Recommendations:

• Bring warm clothes, rain gear, and appropriate footwear for hiking.
• Weather on the summit can change rapidly; check forecasts before visiting.
• Respect park regulations and do not litter.
• For the Kew Mae Pan trail, it’s advisable to book a guide in advance, especially during peak season.